A tongue can look completely normal to an untrained eye yet still cause substantial problems with feeding (Young, 2011).
have difficulty lifting their tongue or moving it from side to side. have a tongue with a heart-shaped appearance on the tip. are unable to extend their tongue fully. It might be possible to tell that your baby has a tongue-tie if they: (Oakley, 2017) Can I see if my baby has a tongue-tie? can only manage a teat that has a very slow flow. chokes on feeds even when you slow the feed down. 
needs to be fed very often in order to get enough milk. If you're bottle-feeding your baby, you might notice one or more of the following – your baby: 
sore or cracked nipples and pain during feeding. If you're breastfeeding your baby and they have tongue-tie, you might experience one or more of the following: difficulties with taking solids or speech difficulties in older babies. reflux (baby vomits and/or is miserable after feeds). poor weight gain or excessive early weight loss. frequently coming off the breast or slipping back to the nipple. breast refusal - your baby seems unable to latch onto the breast. a small gape so it feels like the baby is biting/grinding. If your baby has a tongue-tie and you're breastfeeding, you might notice one or more of the following in your baby: For others, tongue-tie can make feeding extremely challenging or even impossible. For some babies, the effects will be quite mild. Tongue-tie can affect both breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. What problems does tongue-tie cause for babies? This kind of tongue-tie is called a sub-mucosal tongue-tie (Genna, 2013).Īll of these descriptions are anatomical, so they don't relate to how severely a tongue-tie will affect your baby's feeding (Genna, 2013). Sometimes, tissue on the floor of a baby’s mouth (the mucosa) hides the tongue-tie. A tight posterior tongue-tie could cause worse feeding problems than a loose anterior tongue-tie (Oakley, 2017). So 100% means the tie comes all the way to the front of the tongue. This percentage describes how far along the underside of the tongue the frenulum comes. You might also hear tongue-ties described using a percentage. 
You’ll often hear people describe tongue-ties as anterior (at the front of the tongue) or posterior (towards the back of the mouth). It’s only when this membrane is tight enough to limit tongue function that it’s described as a tongue-tie (Walker, 2006). Many babies have a visible frenulum without having any problems because it is loose enough to allow the tongue to move freely. When a baby has a tongue-tie, the movement of their tongue is restricted by a membrane (the frenulum) that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
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